倡导组织牛津饥荒救济委员会(Oxfam)周一发布的一份报告称，世界上10位最富有的人在新冠肺炎·疫情期间财富翻了一番，报告强调了全球健康危机如何加深了富人和穷人之间的鸿沟，以及需要政策干预来解决这些“致命”的不平等。

牛津饥荒救济委员会的报告补充说，尽管世界10大富豪的财富增加了一倍多，从2020年3月至2021年11月从约7000亿美元增加到1.5万亿美元，但在此期间，全球约99%的人的收入下降，超过1.6亿人被迫陷入贫困。

贫困和经济正义倡导组织根据福布斯关于亿万富翁的实时数据计算了超级精英的财富收益。最富有的人是埃隆·马斯克、杰夫·贝索斯、伯纳德·阿诺特家族、比尔·盖茨、拉里·埃里森、拉里·佩奇、谢尔盖·布林、马克·扎克伯格、史蒂夫·鲍尔默和沃伦·巴菲特。

牛津饥荒救济委员会在其方法中说，全球99%的收入下降的信息来自世界银行的数据。

计算结果还显示，自新冠肺炎建国以来，全球亿万富翁的财富增幅超过了过去14年。

“亿万富翁们拥有一个了不起的疫情。牛津饥荒救济委员会国际执行主任加布里埃拉·布赫在周一的一份声明中说，央行向金融市场注入了数万亿美元来拯救经济，但其中大部分资金最终流入了乘着股市繁荣而来的亿万富翁的口袋。

布克补充说，如果世界上10个最富有的人失去了99%的财富，他们仍然会比这个星球上99%的人更富有。

全球亿万富翁的财富往往比不太富裕的同行更依赖于股票。根据数据显示，在美国，最富有的1%家庭拥有市场上一半以上的公开交易股票美联储数据，而底层50%的家庭拥有不到1%。

虽然疫情劳动力市场和整体经济的复苏仍在溅射，股市自2020年3月以来大幅上涨，部分原因是美联储实施的货币政策导致了大规模的，通常是免税的，富人财富增加，没有任何市场份额的穷人被抛在后面。

牛津饥荒救济委员会说，这种明显的不平等正在杀死人们，因为缺乏医疗保健、饥饿等等。该组织主张对超级富豪征税，以解决这些致命的不平等。

布赫补充说，税收是开始“纠正这种淫秽的不平等的暴力错误”的关键方法之一。

非营利新闻机构ProPublica去年发布了一份针对亿万富翁税收的调查报告，该报告呼吁针对世界上最富有的人征收新税，调查发现，超级富人能够利用法律漏洞避免为财富收益纳税。

ProPublica的报告公布了富人的税务文件，并表示，尽管美国中等收入家庭向联邦税务机构缴纳了14%的收入，但2014年至2018年期间，最富有的25名美国人的平均所谓“真实税率”仅为他们财富每年增长的3.4%。这在很大程度上是因为他们将申报的收入(也就是申报的所得税)保持在实际净值的一小部分，并将大部分财富储存在股票中，而股票只有在出售后才会被征税。

牛津饥荒救济委员会的报告引用了这些不同的税率，并倡导亿万富翁每年为他们的财富增长纳税——无论这些收益是否实现(即亿万富翁是在股票升值后出售股票，还是持有股票以避免为这些收益纳税)。

而一个亿万富翁税在华盛顿势头强劲近年来，尤其是在疫情问题上，它面临着一场艰难的实施之战。根据收入的定义，批评者称这种对未实现收益的征税违反宪法。

与此同时，牛津饥荒救济委员会的研究人员认为，对富人征税是解决疫情造成的“致命不平等”的一种必要且显而易见的方式。

乐施会美国分会会长艾比·马克斯曼(Abby Maxman)周一在一份声明中表示:“解决这种令人震惊和致命的不平等的最有力工具之一是向富人征税。“我们应该向我们的经济、我们的孩子和我们的地球投资数十亿美元，为一个更加平等和可持续的未来铺平道路，而不是让超级富人中饱私囊。”

Wealth of 10 richest men doubled in pandemic as 99% of incomes dropped: Oxfam

The 10 richest men in the world doubled their fortunes during the COVID-19 pandemic, a report published Monday by advocacy group Oxfam said, highlighting how the global health crisis has deepened the divide between the haves and have-nots as well as the need for policy intervention to address these "deadly" inequities.

While the wealth of the world's 10 richest men more than doubled -- increasing from approximately $700 billion to $1.5 trillion between March 2020 and November 2021 -- the incomes of approximately 99% of people around the globe fell during that time, and more than 160 million people have been forced into poverty, the Oxfam report added.

The poverty and economic justice advocacy group calculated the wealth gains of the ultra-elite based on Forbes' real-time data on billionaires. The richest men were Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Bernard Arnault & family, Bill Gates, Larry Ellison, Larry Page, Sergey Brin, Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Ballmer and Warren Buffett.

Information on the falling incomes of the global 99% was taken from World Bank data, Oxfam said in its methodology.

The calculations also indicate that the wealth of the world's billionaires has increased more since COVID-19 began than it has in the last 14 years.

"Billionaires have had a terrific pandemic. Central banks pumped trillions of dollars into financial markets to save the economy, yet much of that has ended up lining the pockets of billionaires riding a stock market boom," Oxfam International Executive Director Gabriela Bucher said in a statement Monday accompanying the latest report.

Bucher added that if the 10 richest men in the world were to lose 99% of their wealth, they would still be richer than 99% of all the people on this planet.

The wealth of the world's billionaires tends to be more tied up in stocks than their less-wealthy counterparts. In the U.S., the wealthiest 1% of households in the U.S. own more than half of all the publicly traded stock in the market, according toFederal Reserve data, and the bottom 50% of households own less than 1%.

While the pandemic recovery in the labor market and economy as a wholeis still sputtering, the stock market has rallied sharply since March 2020 in part due to monetary policies enacted by the Federal Reserve -- leading to massive,often untaxed, wealth gains for the rich and leaving the poor who don't own any market shares behind.

Oxfam said this stark inequality is killing people because of lack of access to health care, hunger and more. The group is advocating for a tax on the ultra-rich to address these deadly inequities.

Bucher added that taxation is one of the key ways to start "righting the violent wrongs of this obscene inequality."

Al Seib/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images, FILE

Unhoused people live in tents along Los Angeles Street over the 101 Freeway in Downto...

The report calling for a new tax targeting the world's wealthiest comes after an investigation into the taxes of billionaires, published by the nonprofit news organization ProPublica last year, found that the ultra-wealthy are able touse legal loopholes to avoid paying taxes on wealth gains.

The ProPublica report published tax documents of the wealthy and said that while the median American household paid 14% of their income in federal taxers, the wealthiest 25 Americans had an average so-called "true tax rate" of just 3.4% of the amount their wealth grew each year between 2014 and 2018. This was in large part due to keeping their reported income, and thus reported income tax, to just a fraction to what their net worth actually is and storing most of their wealth in stocks -- which are only taxed once they are sold.

The Oxfam report cited these differing tax rates and is advocating for billionaires to pay taxes every year on their wealth increases -- whether these gains are realized or not (i.e. whether a billionaire sells the stock after it rises in value or holds onto it to avoid paying taxes on those gains).

While the idea of abillionaires tax has gained momentum in Washingtonand beyond in recent years, especially over the pandemic, it has faced an uphill battle in implementation. Critics call these type of taxes on unrealized gains unconstitutional based on the definition of income.

The researchers at Oxfam, meanwhile, view a tax on the rich as an imperative and obvious way to address the "deadly inequality" wrought by the pandemic.

"One of the single most powerful tools we have to address this level of egregious and deadly inequality is to tax the rich," Abby Maxman, the chief of Oxfam America, said in a statement Monday. "Instead of lining the pockets of the ultra-wealthy, we should be investing billions of dollars into our economy, our children and our planet, paving the way for a more equal and sustainable future."