拜登政府周四宣布了一项新的战略框架，旨在减少和管理中美洲近年来造成空前移民水平的状况。
该战略很大程度上类似于政府已经提出的方案，重点是在萨尔瓦多、洪都拉斯和危地马拉减少贫困、打击腐败和解决暴力问题。政府此前向该地区提供了40亿美元的财政支持，后来表示，大部分资金不会流向北三角政府，而是将分配给非营利组织和援助组织。
具体而言，五点计划旨在解决经济不稳定问题，在美国官员的参与下制定反腐败措施，优先考虑人权和劳工权利，打击和预防帮派暴力和其他有组织犯罪，同时也针对基于性别的暴力。
“我们不寻求结束移民，”一名高级政府官员告诉记者。“这是这个地区结构的一部分，我们与中美洲有如此多的家庭文化联系。但我们正在寻求改变人们移民的方式，为犯罪走私、走私和贩运团伙提供替代方案，并通过安全的法律渠道、安全的法律途径让人们获得机会和保护。”
该战略由副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯领导，拜登今年早些时候赋予他解决移民根源的任务。哈里斯在宣布新框架时表示，联合国和墨西哥以及其他国家已经承诺给予支持。
一名官员表示，美国政府还将目光投向加拿大和哥斯达黎加等国家，试图为庇护和避难提供更多选择。
宣布这一消息之际，拜登正继续努力放松其前任的移民执法政策，包括最近让移民更容易寻求人道主义救济。美国司法部(Department of Justice)本周宣布撤销特朗普时代的另一项政策，移民倡导者、学生组织和法学教授表示，这项政策是上届政府限制人道主义保护的一部分。
司法部长梅里克·加兰正式撤销了他的前任司法部长威廉·巴尔的一项决定，该决定要求移民上诉委员会完全重新决定移民申请和庇护案件，即使被告在立案方面取得了进展。巴尔的决定现已撤销，预计还将加剧移民法院日益积压的案件。
今年早些时候，一个由350多家律师事务所、教授和倡导组织组成的团体呼吁拜登政府废除特朗普政府时期做出的一系列限制移民获得庇护的决定。周一的声明是该系列中被推翻的最后决定。
拜登政府已经推翻了前司法部长杰夫·赛辛斯的决定，即家庭暴力和帮派暴力不是庇护申请的理由。
哈里斯的新战略还强调在潜在移民的母国提供人道主义救援机会。这是减少美国南部边境移民流量的一个重要组成部分，近几个月来，美国南部边境涌入了大量寻求庇护的儿童和家庭。
White House unveils new strategy to address 'root causes' of migration
The Biden administration on Thursday announced a new strategic framework aimed at reducing and managing conditions in Central America that have caused unprecedented levels of migration in recent years.
The strategy resembles much of what the administration has already proposed and focuses on reducing poverty, combating corruption and addressing violence in El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala. The administration previously dedicated $4 billion in financial support to the region, later saying that substantial portions of the money would not go to Northern Triangle governments and instead would be distributed among nonprofits and aid organizations.
Specifically, the five-point plan aims to address economic instability, establish anti-corruption measures with the involvement of U.S. officials, prioritize human rights and labor rights, counter and prevent gang violence and other organized crime while also targeting gender-based violence.
"We're not seeking to end migration," a senior administration official told reporters. "It's part of the fabric of this region, we have so many familial cultural ties to Central America. But we're seeking to change the ways in which people migrate, provide an alternative to the criminal smuggling, smuggling and trafficking rings, and to give people access to opportunity and protection through safe legal channels, safe legal pathways."
The strategy is being led by Vice President Kamala Harris who was tasked by Biden earlier this year with addressing the root causes of migration. In announcing the new framework, Harris said the United Nations and Mexico, among others, have committed support.
The administration is also looking to countries like Canada and Costa Rica, one official said, in an effort to provide more options for asylum and refuge.
The announcement comes as Biden continues to try to unwind the immigration enforcement policies of his predecessor, including recently making it easier for migrants to seek humanitarian relief. The Department of Justice announced this week the reversal of another Trump-era policy that immigrant advocates, student organizations and law professors said was part of the prior administration’s limiting of humanitarian protections.
Attorney General Merrick Garland formally rescinded a decision from his predecessor, Attorney General William Barr, which required the Board of Immigration appeals to completely re-decide immigration petitions and asylum cases even if a defendant had made progress in establishing their case. The Barr decision, now reversed, was also expected to exacerbate the growing backlog of cases in immigration court.
A group of more than 350 law firms, professors and advocacy organizations called on the Biden administration earlier this year to repeal a series of decisions made under the Trump administration which limited avenues for migrants to receive a grant of asylum. Monday’s announcement was the final decision to be reversed in that series.
The Biden administration had already reversed a decision from former Attorney General Jeff Sessions that domestic violence and gang violence were not grounds for asylum claims.
The new strategy from Harris also places an emphasis on making humanitarian relief opportunities available in the home countries of would-be migrants. It’s an essential component of reducing the migratory traffic at the U.S. southern border, which has become flooded with asylum-seeking children and families in recent months.
