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《百花图》卷 墨荷段(局部) 宋 纸本墨笔 故宫博物院藏
“不是从来无本根,画工取势教推折。”这位不知姓名的画家在《百花图》卷的构图中取 “折枝花”的形式,撷取自然花卉中最具特征的局部入画,较之整体描绘更见细腻动人。画面上花鸟之间穿插自然,毫无牵强拼凑之意。其间又点缀蜂、蚊、蜻蜓、蝴蝶、游鱼、青蛙之类,显得生意盎然。其中一段荷塘夏景,静中寓动,显示着画家的苦心经营。扬无咎、赵孟坚等人擅长水墨梅、兰、竹,通常采用苍老的笔法表现干、圆润的笔法表现枝、圈花倒晕的笔法表现花。《百花图卷》的作者充分发挥了这些水墨技法,画出了扬、赵等人不曾画过的水墨荷花。白描勾勒荷花,花嬅嬅而笔畅,水墨晕染荷叶,叶融融而墨发,一脱繁复刻板的院体末路,突破了传统花鸟画的时空限制,呈现出崭新的面貌。这种技法对元代钱选、王渊、赵衷的墨笔花卉以及后来文人水墨花卉都有一定的影响。
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