明智地思考问题
咨询，不是—给你答案，告诉你哪些学校可以
咨询，仅是—提供解决问题的有效方法与思路
服务，才是—你付费，购买时间、经验、获得具体信息
以这个问题为例
“有美国大学学位，申请研究生，要不要考托福？”
咨询阶段—解决思路：
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在学校的官网上研究相关信息，看是否有明确的答案
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如果网上没有确定的信息，则要发邮件询问
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邮件还不确定的，直接电话
DIY的学生，用此方法自己去工作，找到答案
具体服务—确定答案：
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代替学生工作，在官网做研究
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将条理清晰的邮件发给能给出答案的人
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拟好电话提纲，打给可以解答的负责人
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网申时，再次确认之前信息
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申请后，跟踪状态过程中，最后核实
如下专业与学校是之前的服务，分享给大家
看着信息，也不是一目了然，还需做分析，更要一步步核实，需要经验与专业度，而这正是服务的价值所在
只是几个典型的，太多了，不能全部分享。。
MPP @ Harvard KennedySchool
本科4年，全英文授课，拿学位，即免托福（最简单的）
Applicants arenot required to submit a TOEFL or IELTS score only if their:
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Native language is English, or
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Four-year undergraduate degree wasconducted entirely in English
MPP @ Brown U
本科4年，全英文授课，拿学位，可免托福
即使在美国大学，不是英文授课，也不能免
Language proficiency exams are not required ofthose students who have earned a degree from a non-U.S. university where theprimary language of instruction is English, or from a college or university inthe United States.
*If thestudies leading to an advanced degree from a U.S. institutionwere conducted primarily or wholly in a language other than English, theTOEFL must be taken.
MPP @ Johns Hopkins U
本科4年，全英文授课，拿学位，免托福，国家有限制
International applicants from countries where English is theofficial language are exempt from the English language test requirement. To determine if you qualify for an exemption, refer to the table foundon the Office of Admissions website.
International applicants who have completed four complete yearsof study (post-high school) leading to a formal degree from an accredited U.S.institution are also exempt from the requirement.
Statistics @ HarvardU
Applicantswhose native language is other than English and who do not hold the equivalentof a US Bachelor's degree from an institution at which English is the languageof instruction must submit scores from the Internet based test (IBT) of theTest of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) .
Statistics @ StanfordU
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达到要求直接免
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不确定，需提交表格，等学校评估
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对于英语非母语美国公民，并不自动免除托福（复杂吧。。）
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Exemptions aregranted to applicants who have earned (or will earn, before enrolling atStanford) a U.S. bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree from a college oruniversity accredited by a regional accrediting association in the UnitedStates, or the international equivalent degree from a university of recognizedstanding in a country in which all instruction is provided in English.Therefore, applicants with degrees from the U.S., Australia, Canada (exceptQuebec), New Zealand, Singapore, Ireland, and the United Kingdom (England,Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales) are exempt from taking the TOEFL and do notneed to submit theTOEFL Waiver Request form.
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Applicants withdegrees from institutions in countries other than those listed above and inwhich English was the only language of instruction must submit the TOEFL Waiver Request form in order to beevaluated for a waiver to the TOEFL requirement.
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U.S. citizenship doesnot automatically exempt an applicant from taking the TOEFL if the applicant’sfirst language is not English.
Statistics @ U ofChicago
相对简单
Wewill assume you have an adequate command of English if you grew up in theUnited Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, or theUnited States, OR if, in the last five years, you completed one academic yearof full-time study at an English-language institution in one of these sevencountries.
Statistics @ Duke
最复杂的。。
TOEFL/IELTSWaiver Policy
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To be eligible for aTOEFL/IELTS waiver, you must have studied fulltime for two years or more at acollege or university where the sole language of instruction is English and ina country where English is the primary spoken language. The two years of studymust be completed prior to application submission.
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If you believe youqualify for a TOEFL/IELTS waiver based on the above criteria, upload a writtenrequest for the waiver in the Additional Information section of your onlineapplication. In your request, be sure to state where you completed the two-yearstudy requirement. Due to the volume of applications we receive, we willnot examine, confirm the status of, or grant any waiver requests prior toextending an offer of admission.
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Keep in mind that anyadmitted international student whose first language is not English must takeoral and written Englishplacement exams conducted by the English for InternationalStudents program at the beginning of the term of matriculation. This isrequired regardless of whether a TOEFL/IELTS waiver is granted.
NOTE: Westrongly encourage all applicants whose first language is not English to takeeither the TOEFL or the IELTS test before applying to The Graduate School, evenif they meet the TOEFL/IELTS waiver criteria. The exam results can providevital information to an applicant and The Graduate School regarding thestrength of an applicant’s academic English skills. In addition, many graduatedepartments and programs consider TOEFL and IELTS scores a critical factorduring the application review process. Contact your department or program ofinterest to determine how or whether TOEFL and IELTS scores factor into theirapplication review.
