华盛顿——作为应对气候变化的重要一步，拜登政府正在提高车辆里程标准，以大幅减少全球变暖温室气体的排放，扭转特朗普时代放松燃油效率标准的倒退。

周一发布的最终规则将从2023年车型年开始提高里程标准，到2026年达到预计的每加仑40英里的全行业目标。新标准比特朗普政府去年敲定的一项规则高出25%，比美国环境保护署(Environmental Protection Agency)8月份提出的一项提案高出5%。

环保局局长迈克尔·雷根说:“我们正在制定严格的标准，积极减少对人类和我们的地球造成危害的污染，同时为家庭省钱。”。他称该规则是“在实现乔·拜登总统的气候议程方面向前迈出的巨大一步”，同时也为实现全电动、零排放铺平了道路运输未来。″

此前一天，民主党参议员乔·曼钦(Joe Manchin)对拜登的2万亿美元社会和环境政策法案提出了潜在的致命打击，危及民主党的议程，并激怒了白宫。这位西弗吉尼亚州参议员表示，他不能支持包括一系列气候提案在内的全面法案，称该法案过于昂贵，可能引发通胀，并扩大不断增长的联邦债务。

现已搁置的法案包括向购买者提供7500美元的税收抵免，以降低电动汽车的成本。

里根说，政府将“继续不懈地”为所谓的“重建更美好”法案中的电动汽车税收抵免和其他激励措施而斗争，但即使没有这些措施，“我们相信我们提出的规则是可行的、负担得起的、可实现的，我们对此感到兴奋。''

新的里程规则是有史以来为乘用车和轻型卡车设定的最雄心勃勃的尾气污染标准。这些标准提高了特朗普政府设定的里程目标，即2026年每加仑只能行驶32英里。拜登曾在8月设定了每加仑38英里的目标。

政府表示，这些标准也将有助于扩大零排放汽车的市场份额，目标是电池电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车在2026年达到新车销量的17%。电动汽车和插电式混合动力车预计在2023年将占据约7%的市场份额。

环保局表示，该规定不仅将减缓气候变化，还将通过减少空气污染来改善公众健康，并通过提高燃油效率来降低司机的成本。

拜登设定了一个目标，即在2030年前将美国的温室气体排放量减少至少一半，因为他正在推动美国从内燃机向电池驱动汽车的历史性转变。

他敦促从电池到半导体的全面变革所需的零部件也在美国制造，旨在为环保努力提供工业和工会支持，并承诺提供新的就业机会和数十亿美元的联邦电动汽车投资。

政府表示，尽管雄心勃勃，但新标准为汽车制造商提供了充足的准备时间，以合理的成本遵守。环保局的分析显示，随着进入车队的电动汽车数量的适度增加，该行业可以遵守最终标准。

环境和公共卫生团体大多对新规定表示欢迎，而代表大多数主要汽车制造商的行业协会反应谨慎。

汽车制造商“致力于实现更清洁、更安全、更智能的未来”，但美国汽车创新联盟(Alliance for Automotive Innovation)主席兼首席执行官约翰·博兹拉(John Bozzella)表示，美国环保署(EPA)关于温室气体排放的最终规定比最初提出的更为激进，“要求电动汽车销量大幅增长，远高于目前所有轻型汽车销量的4%”。该集团代表了生产在美国销售的近99%新车和轻型卡车的制造商。

“实现这一最终规则的目标无疑需要制定支持性的政府政策——包括消费者激励措施...以及对美国制造业和供应链发展的支持。

倡导组织“美国环境”的摩根·福尔杰说:“既然强大的联邦清洁汽车规则得以恢复，我们都可以集体松一口气了。

福尔杰说，尽管遭到汽车行业的抵制，该规定将显著减少空气和气候污染。她将这一宣布称为气候的“胜利”，这将有助于创造“一个汽车和卡车零排放的未来”。''

美国肺协会主席兼首席执行官哈罗德·维默补充说，环保局的行动是“向前迈出的重要一步，将减少温室气体和空气污染，改善肺部健康”。

环境保护局称新规定对解决气候变化至关重要。交通运输是美国最大的温室气体排放源，占总排放量的29%。在交通部门，乘用车和卡车是最大的贡献者，占所有交通相关排放的58%，占美国总碳排放的17%。

环保局表示，最终标准将有助于实现2015年巴黎气候协议设定的目标，即保持全球平均气温比工业化前水平低2摄氏度。美国在前总统唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)将美国从全球协议中退出后，在拜登上任的第一天就重新加入了巴黎协议。

新规则将从2023年车型年开始，并在2026年车型年逐年增加减排。环保局表示，从2023年到2026年，该规则将每年的减排速度加快至5%至10%，远高于以前的规则。

Biden boosts fuel-economy standards to fight climate change

WASHINGTON -- In a major step to fight climate change, the Biden administration is raising vehicle mileage standards to significantly reduce emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases, reversing a Trump-era rollback that loosened fuel efficiency standards.

A final rule issued Monday would raise mileage standards starting in the 2023 model year, reaching a projected industry-wide target of 40 miles per gallon by 2026. The new standard is 25% higher than a rule finalized by the Trump administration last year and 5% higher than a proposal by the Environmental Protection Agency in August.

“We are setting robust and rigorous standards that will aggressively reduce the pollution that is harming people and our planet – and save families money at the same time,” EPA Administrator Michael Regan said. He called the rule “a giant step forward” in delivering on President Joe Biden’s climate agenda “while paving the way toward an all-electric, zero-emissionstransportationfuture.″

The move comes a day after Democratic Sen. Joe Manchin delivered a potentially fatal blow to Biden’s $2 trillion social and environmental policy bill, jeopardizing Democrats' agenda and infuriating the White House. The West Virginia senator said he could not support the sweeping bill, which includes a host of climate proposals, saying it was too expensive and could spark inflation and expand the growing federal debt.

The now-stalled bill includes a $7,500 tax credit to buyers to lower the cost of electric vehicles.

The administration will “continue to fight tirelessly'' for the EV tax credits and other incentives in the so-called Build Back Better bill, Regan said, but even without them, “we believe that we proposed a rule that is doable, it’s affordable, it’s achievable, and we’re excited about it.''

The new mileage rules are the most ambitious tailpipe pollution standards ever set for passenger cars and light trucks. The standards raise mileage goals set by the Trump administration that would achieve only 32 miles per gallon in 2026. Biden had set a goal of 38 miles per gallon in August.

The standards also will help expand the market share of zero emissions vehicles, the administration said, with a goal of battery electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles reaching 17% of new vehicles sold in 2026. EVs and plug-in hybrids are expected to have about 7% market share in 2023.

The EPA said the rule would not only slow climate change, but also improve public health by reducing air pollution and lower costs for drivers through improved fuel efficiency.

Biden has set a goal of cutting U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by at least half by 2030 as he pushes a history-making shift in the U.S. from internal combustion engines to battery-powered vehicles.

He has urged that components needed to make that sweeping change — from batteries to semiconductors — be made in the United States, too, aiming for both industry and union support for the environmental effort, with the promise of new jobs and billions in federal electric vehicle investments.

While ambitious, the new standards provide adequate lead time for auto manufacturers to comply at reasonable costs, the administration said. EPA’s analysis shows the industry can comply with the final standards with modest increases in the numbers of electric vehicles entering the fleet.

Environmental and public health groups mostly hailed the new rules, while the trade association representing most major automakers reacted cautiously.

Automakers are “committed to achieving a cleaner, safer, and smarter future,'' but EPA’s final rule for greenhouse gas emissions is more aggressive than originally proposed, "requiring a substantial increase in electric vehicle sales, well above the 4% of all light-duty sales today,'' said John Bozzella, president and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation. The group represents manufacturers producing nearly 99% of new cars and light trucks sold in the U.S.

“Achieving the goals of this final rule will undoubtedly require enactment of supportive governmental policies – including consumer incentives ... and support for U.S. manufacturing and supply chain development,'' Bozella said in a statement.

“We can all breathe a collective sigh of relief now that a strong federal clean car rule is restored,'' said Morgan Folger of Environment America, an advocacy group.

Despite pushback from the auto industry, the rule will significantly reduce air and climate pollution, Folger said. She called the announcement “a win" on climate that will help create "an onramp to a future with zero emissions from our cars and trucks.''

EPA's action is "an important step forward that will reduce greenhouse gases and air pollution and improve lung health,'' added Harold Wimmer, president and CEO of the American Lung Association.

EPA called the new rule critical to address climate change. Transportation is the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, making up 29% of all emissions. Within the transportation sector, passenger cars and trucks are the largest contributor, accounting for 58% of all transportation-related emissions and 17% of overall U.S. carbon emissions.

The final standards will contribute toward a goal set by the 2015 Paris climate agreement to keep the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2° Celsius above pre-industrial levels, the EPA said. The U.S. rejoined the Paris agreement on Biden’s first day in office after former President Donald Trump had withdrawn the U.S. from the global pact.

The new rules would begin with the 2023 car model year and increase emissions reductions year by year through model year 2026. The rule accelerates the rate of emissions reductions to between 5 and 10% each year from 2023 through 2026, the EPA said, far higher than under previous rules.