患有以下疾病的孕妇新冠肺炎(新型冠状病毒肺炎)根据一项新的研究，与没有感染病毒的人相比，患并发症和死亡的风险更高，这进一步证明了病毒在怀孕期间造成的风险增加。

全球研究，周四发表在美国儿科学会杂志上研究发现，感染新冠肺炎病毒的孕妇比未感染病毒的孕妇死亡的可能性高22倍。他们还被发现患有严重妊娠并发症的风险增加，包括先兆子痫、早产和重症监护室入院。研究人员说，有症状或有共病(如糖尿病或超重)的人有更大的并发症和死亡风险。

研究人员称，患有无症状感染的孕妇患先兆子痫的风险更高，尽管在其他方面与未被诊断患有新冠肺炎的孕妇有相似的结果。

研究发现，被诊断患有新冠肺炎症的女性的新生儿更有可能早产，并有严重的并发症，包括在NICU停留7天或更长时间。

“这些发现应该提醒孕妇和临床医生严格执行所有推荐的新冠肺炎预防措施，”作者说。

Ika84/Getty Images

在这张库存照片中，一名戴口罩的孕妇坐在客厅里。

华盛顿大学医学院和牛津大学的医生领导了这项研究。这项研究招募了来自18个国家43家妇产医院的2130名孕妇，于2020年4月至10月进行。

“我强烈建议所有孕妇接种新冠肺炎疫苗，”UW医学院妇产科教授、该研究的主要作者之一迈克尔·格雷维特博士在一份声明中说。

关于新冠肺炎疫苗对孕妇的安全性的数据有限。A研究三月份发表在《美国妇产科杂志》上的研究发现，辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗对孕妇和哺乳期的人是安全有效的。

美国疾病控制和预防中心建议孕妇“可能会选择接种疫苗”疾病预防控制中心将怀孕列为高风险医疗状况笔记“尽管患严重疾病的总体风险较低，但与非孕妇相比，新冠肺炎孕妇患严重疾病的风险更高。”

世界卫生组织建议高风险接触新冠肺炎病毒的孕妇或患有会增加其患严重疾病风险的共病的孕妇在咨询其保健提供者后接种疫苗。

UW医学和牛津大学的研究招募了706名新冠肺炎诊断的女性。根据《UW医学》的报道，每一个被诊断出患有新冠肺炎的女性都要与两个未感染的孕妇进行比较，这两个孕妇在同一时间在同一家医院分娩。

在被诊断患有新冠肺炎的女性中，13%的婴儿出生时新冠肺炎检测呈阳性。研究人员发现，剖腹产增加了婴儿新冠肺炎检测呈阳性的风险，尽管母乳喂养没有。

汉娜·贝尔/路透社，文件

一名孕妇在斯基帕克制药公司接受冠状病毒疾病疫苗(新冠肺炎)

研究发现，呼吸急促、胸痛和发热咳嗽与母亲和早产并发症的风险“大幅”增加有关。

参与研究的新冠肺炎诊断患者中，不到2%死亡。在这11名妇女中，4名患有重度子痫前期，5名在出生前呼吸衰竭，2名在入院后一周内死亡。一名没有新冠肺炎诊断的妇女死于先前存在的肝癌和肝硬化。

这项研究主要包括怀孕晚期的女性。该研究的作者说，对妊娠早期新冠肺炎效应的进一步研究“迫切需要研究”。

Study finds pregnant women with COVID-19 have higher risk of complications, death

Pregnant women withCOVID-19had a higher risk of complications and death than those who did not contract the virus, adding further evidence to the increased risks the virus poses during pregnancy, according to a new study.

The global study,published Thursday in JAMA Pediatrics, found that pregnant women who contracted COVID-19 were 22 times more likely to die than pregnant women who did not contract the virus. They also were found to have an increased risk of severe pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, preterm birth and intensive care unit admission. Individuals who were symptomatic or had comorbidities, such as diabetes or were overweight, had a greater risk of complications and death, researchers said.

Pregnant women who had asymptomatic infections had a higher risk for preeclampsia, though otherwise had similar outcomes to pregnant women who were not diagnosed with COVID-19, researchers said.

Newborns of the women diagnosed with COVID-19 were more likely to be born preterm and have severe complications, including NICU stays of seven days or longer, the study found.

"The findings should alert pregnant individuals and clinicians to implement strictly all the recommended COVID-19 preventive measures," the authors said.

Doctors from the University of Washington School of Medicine and the University of Oxford led the research. The study enrolled 2,130 pregnant women from 43 maternity hospitals in 18 countries and was conducted from April to October of 2020.

"I would highly recommend that all pregnant women receive the COVID-19 vaccines," Dr. Michael Gravett, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the UW Medicine and one of the study's lead authors, said in a statement.

There is limited data on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant people. Astudypublished in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology in March found the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are safe and effective in pregnant and lactating people.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Preventionadvisesthat pregnant people "might choose to be vaccinated." Pregnancy is classified as a high-risk medical condition by the CDC, whichnotesthat "although the overall risk of severe illness is low, pregnant people are at an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19 when compared to non-pregnant people."

The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant women at high risk of exposure to COVID-19 or who have comorbidities that would increase their risk of severe disease get vaccinated in consultation with their health care provider.

The UW Medicine and University of Oxford study enrolled 706 women with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Each woman diagnosed with COVID-19 was compared to two uninfected pregnant women who gave birth at the same hospital around the same time, according to UW Medicine.

Among the women diagnosed with COVID-19, 13% of infants tested positive for COVID-19 at birth. Cesarean delivery increased the risk for a positive COVID-19 test in infants, though breastfeeding did not, researchers found.

Shortness of breath, chest pain and cough with fever were associated with a "substantial" increase in the risk of complications for the mother and preterm birth, the study found.

Under 2% of those enrolled in the study who had a COVID-19 diagnosis died. Of those 11 women, four had severe preeclampsia, five had respiratory failure before the birth, and two died within a week of delivery after being admitted to the ICU. One woman who did not have a COVID-19 diagnosis died due to preexisting liver cancer and cirrhosis.

The study mostly included women in their third trimester. Further research of the effect of COVID-19 earlier in pregnancy "needs urgently to be studied," the study's authors said.