特朗普政府发布了备受争议的“公共指控”规则的最终版本——这是政府对美国移民进行强硬镇压的最新举措
发表在《联邦公报》上，规则是应该的将于周三正式发布，并将于60天后生效。
美国公民和移民服务署代理署长肯·库奇内利星期一上午在白宫新闻发布会上说规则说将有助于促进移民的“自力更生”。
“纵观历史，自力更生一直是美国的核心原则，”库契内利说。“通过公共收费规则，特朗普总统的政府正在推行自给自足和个人责任的理念。”
这遭到广泛谴责的规则将有效地看到谁可以被视为“公共费用”——通过公共福利依赖政府援助的人——的定义扩大了，这可能对某些低收入移民不利。
在一份长达800多页的文件中，该措施将要求移民社会工作者考虑移民使用政府福利，包括住房、医疗补助和补充营养援助计划(SNAP)，以确定他们是否会成为国家的“负担”。
如果申请人被发现利用了这类项目，官员在考虑他们的绿卡或临时签证申请时，可能会认为这是一个“负面因素”。
A最近研究发现特朗普政府计划的消息制定规则的改变已经给生活在美国的移民家庭带来了“寒蝉效应”
根据城市研究所进行的这项研究，移民家庭中七分之一的成年人(13.7%)表示，他们或他们的家庭成员选择不参加2018年的非现金福利计划，“是因为害怕未来的绿卡身份受到威胁。”
在低收入家庭的成年人中，这一比例甚至更高，五分之一(20.7%)的成年人表示，他们害怕在绿卡或签证申请中获得积极结果的机会受到负面影响，不敢寻求福利。
尽管特朗普政府表示，其规则的改变不会影响已经是美国永久居民的非美国公民，但研究人员发现，即使在这一群体中，也存在“寒蝉效应”的证据。
“虽然提议的规则不影响已经是永久居民的非公民，但我们仍然发现，在所有非公民都是永久居民的家庭中，14.7%的成年人报告没有参加非现金福利计划，”城市研究所在一份关于其调查结果的声明中说。
同时，研究人员发现，在所有外国出生的成员都是公民的家庭中，十分之一的成年人(9.3%)有同样的恐惧。
特朗普政府去年秋天正式宣布扩大“公共收费”规则，公众意见征询的机会将于12月结束。
截至12月10日对该提案为期60天的公众意见征询窗口关闭时，已记录了超过260，097条意见，其中许多意见谴责了该计划。
10月，22名民主党参议员签署了一封致国土安全部的信，警告说，“恐吓人们远离关键资源将危及我们国家的家庭和社区。
“受影响的服务所提供的营养、健康和稳定已被反复证明有助于儿童取得成功...信中说:“如果这一规定生效，勤劳的家庭将会努力以较少伤害的孩子来维持生计，除了推进本届政府的反移民议程之外，别无其他原因。”
TRUMP ADMINISTRATION INTRODUCES CONTROVERSIAL 'PUBLIC CHARGE' RULE THAT WILL MAKE IT EASIER TO DENY IMMIGRANTS GREEN CARDS
The Trump administration has released the final version of its controversial "public charge" rule—the latest measure in the government's ongoing hardline crackdown on immigration in the U.S.
Published in the Federal Register, the rule is expected to be officially released on Wednesday and will go into effect 60 days later.
Speaking at a White House press briefing Monday morning, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Acting Director Ken Cuccinelli said the rule would help promote "self-reliance" among immigrants.
"Throughout history, self-reliance has been a core principle in America," Cuccinelli said. "Through the public charge rule, President Trump's administration is enforcing the ideals of self-sufficiency and personal responsibility."
The widely condemned rule would effectively see the definition of who can be considered a "public charge"—someone who relies on government assistance through public benefits—expanded, to the likely detriment of certain low-income immigrants.
Detailed in a more than 800-page-long document, the measure would ask immigration caseworkers to consider immigrants' use of government benefits, including housing, Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), to determine whether they will be a "burden" on the country.
If applicants are found to make use of such programs, it could be considered a "negative factor" by officials considering their green card or temporary visa applications.
A recent study found that news of the Trump administration's plans to institute the rule change had already brought about a "chilling effect" on immigrant families living in the U.S.
According to the study, conducted by the Urban Institute, one in seven adults (13.7 percent) in immigrant households said that either they or their family members had chosen not to participate in a non-cash benefit program in 2018 "out of fear of risking future green card status."
Among adults in low-income families, the rate was found to be even higher, with one in five (20.7 percent) adults saying they were too frightened to seek out benefits for fear of negatively affecting their chances of securing positive results in their green card or visa applications.
While the Trump administration has said that its rule change would not affect non-U.S. citizens who are already permanent residents in the U.S., researchers found evidence of a "chilling effect" even among that group.
"While the proposed rule does not affect noncitizens who are already permanent residents, we still find that 14.7 percent of adults in families in which all noncitizens are also permanent residents reported not participating in a noncash benefit program," the Urban Institute said in a statement on its findings.
Meanwhile, researchers found that in families where all foreign-born members were citizens, one in 10 adults (9.3 percent) shared the same fears.
The Trump administration's expansion of the "public charge" rule was formally announced last fall, with opportunities for public comment closing in December.
By the time the 60-day public comment window on the proposal had closed on December 10, more than 260,097 comments had been logged, with many of the comments condemning the plan.
In October, 22 Democratic senators signed a letter addressed to the Homeland Security department warning that "frightening people away from critical resources will compromise families and communities across our country.
"The nutrition, health and stability that impacted services provide have been repeatedly shown to help children succeed... If this rule goes into effect, hardworking families would try to make ends meet with less—hurting children—for no other reason than to advance this administration's anti-immigrant agenda," the letter said.
