俄罗斯入侵六个月后，一场人道主义危机仍在继续乌克兰数百万人流离失所，数千人在冲突中丧生。

由于战斗看不到立即结束的迹象，人道主义救援人员担心，冬天只会给已经遭受六个月战争折磨的乌克兰公民带来更多痛苦。

根据自入侵开始以来一直在核实平民伤亡情况的联合国人权事务高级专员办事处的说法，每周都有数百名平民被杀或受伤，主要是由于爆炸性武器，如空袭和导弹造成的炮击。

“平民继续在这场战争中付出过高的代价，”联合国政治和和平建设负责人罗斯玛丽·迪卡洛在年说评论提交给联合国安理会。

由联合国的最近计数截至8月21日，自2月24日以来，乌克兰已有超过13，400名经核实的平民伤亡，其中包括近1，000名儿童。根据联合国的数据，到目前为止，已有5500多名平民丧生，7800多人受伤，尽管这些数字可能要高得多。

“有一些黑洞，”联合国驻乌克兰人权监督团团长马蒂尔达·博格纳告诉美国广播公司新闻。“例如马里乌波尔，那里经历了非常严重的敌对行动，与外界的联系被切断。有一段时间，不可能与那里的人交谈。很难获得完整的信息。”

博格纳说，到目前为止，3月份的平民伤亡人数是最高的，比2014年俄罗斯军队入侵乌克兰东部后最激烈的战斗“规模大得多”。A联合国报告发现从2014年到2016年，由于与俄罗斯的冲突，乌克兰有多达2000名平民丧生。

“虽然我们不知道完整的程度，但我认为我们有一个相当清晰的画面，这意味着许多平民正在遭受痛苦，”博格纳在谈到最近的冲突时说。

联合国已经提出关切大量平民伤亡表明俄罗斯没有遵守国际人道主义法。

这是对平民最致命的袭击之一，数百名在被围困的港口城市马里乌波尔的一家剧院避难的人在3月份的一次空袭中丧生。大赦国际称这一行为是“明显的战争罪行”被俄罗斯军队。在乌克兰东部的克拉马托尔斯克，一个用于平民疏散的火车站遭到火箭袭击，数十人丧生。

大赦国际表示，它还记录了俄罗斯军队被处决的平民俄罗斯否认了这一点。

对医疗保健和学校的袭击

根据世界卫生组织的数据，已经有445起袭击与医疗保健有关据报道，2月24日至8月11日期间，乌克兰发生了多起针对医疗机构、人员和病人的暴力事件。

博格纳说，这种袭击违反了国际人道主义法，该法对医疗机构有更高水平的保护。她说，如果受伤的平民无法寻求护理，他们可能有助于造成3月份报告的大量平民死亡。

人道主义援助组织国际救援委员会乌克兰国家主任Marysia Zapasnik告诉ABC新闻，这些袭击还阻止人们获得常规医疗保健，包括慢性病和儿童疫苗接种。

“这将产生持久的影响，”扎帕斯尼克说。"他们的医疗保健系统目前确实不堪重负。"

战争期间，学校也受到了影响。乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽伦斯基(Volodymyr Zelenskyy)表示，乌克兰超过2000所教育机构，包括幼儿园、学校和大学，在俄罗斯的空袭中被摧毁。

博格纳说，九月意味着新学年的开始，尽管许多学校因为没有防空洞或者已经被破坏而无法开学。

博格纳说:“看到这么多学校遭到袭击的一个原因是，我们已经记录了双方武装力量将学校作为基地的情况。”“这意味着它成为另一方攻击的合法目标。所以这肯定是我们不鼓励的事情。”

持续的压力和焦虑

对乌克兰人来说，过去的六个月充满了压力和焦虑。“许多家庭的应对机制现在已经到了极限，”扎帕斯尼克说。

“这里经常有空袭警报，”住在奥德萨的扎帕斯尼克说。“在全国范围内，心理压力水平相当高，尤其是在东部和南部。”

她说，妇女和儿童往往是冲突局势中最脆弱的群体，可能特别需要支持。

Nelia Fedorova, left, is embraced by her daughter, Yelyzaveta Gavenko, 11, as they visit a neighbor's home where someone was killed in a Russian rocket attack Friday night which also injured Federova, in Kramatorsk, Donetsk region, eastern Ukraine, Aug. 13...Show moreundefined

大卫·戈德曼/美联社

她说:“处理一些事情，比如家庭分离，亲人去世，经历很多压力，恐惧，无助感。”

她说，家庭也可能面临经济压力，特别是如果他们在战争中失去了生计。

数百万平民也无法获得足够的必需品，如食物、水和电源。截至8月3日，联合国儿童基金会估计由于危机，近1600万人需要人道主义援助。

扎帕斯尼克说:“乌克兰的这场持续战争正在造成极端的平民伤害。“除了平民伤亡以外...这场战争还导致数百万人无法获得足够的食物、水、能源、医疗保健和其他必需品。”

Zapasnik说，国际救援委员会预计，在冬季的几个月里，需要人道主义援助的人数将“急剧增加”，因为气温骤降时，平民继续流离失所，而且没有电。

Zapasnik说，由于供应链物流的挑战，人道主义援助组织现在开始为冬季做准备，这样他们就不会在应对中措手不及。

“目前我最担心的是冬天，”扎帕斯尼克说。

How the Russia-Ukraine conflict continues to impact civilians

Six months into Russia's invasion, a humanitarian crisis continues to unfold inUkraine, as millions have been displaced and thousands killed during the conflict.

With no immediate end in sight to the fighting, humanitarian aid responders are fearful that winter will only bring further suffering for Ukrainian citizens already afflicted by six months of war.

Hundreds of civilians are killed or wounded each week, primarily due to explosive weapons, such as shelling from air strikes and missiles, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, which has been verifying civilian casualties since the start of the invasion.

“Civilians continue to pay too high a price in this war," the U.N.'s political and peacebuilding chief, Rosemary DiCarlo, said inremarksto the U.N. Security Council in June.

By the U.N'smost recent count, as of Aug. 21, there have been over 13,400 verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since Feb. 24, including nearly 1,000 children. So far over 5,500 civilians have been killed and over 7,800 injured, according to the U.N., though those numbers are likely considerably higher.

"There are some black holes," Matilda Bogner, head of the U.N. Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine, told ABC News. "For example Mariupol, which went through very severe, very heavy hostilities and connections were cut off. For a period of time it was not possible to speak to people there. It was very difficult to get full information."

March has so far seen the highest number of civilian injuries and deaths -- on a "much larger scale" than the most intense fighting after Russian forces invaded eastern Ukraine in 2014, Bogner said. AU.N. reportfound that from 2014 to 2016, up to 2,000 civilians were killed in Ukraine due to the conflict with Russia.

"While we don't know the full extent, I think we have a fairly clear picture and it means that a lot of civilians are suffering," Bogner said of this latest conflict.

The U.N. hasraised concernsthat the high number of civilian casualties indicates that Russia is not complying with international humanitarian law.

In one of the deadliest assaults on civilians, hundreds of people who were taking refuge in a theater in the besieged port city of Mariupol were killed in an air strike in March. Amnesty Internationalcalled the act a "clear war crime"by Russian forces. In Kramatorsk, in eastern Ukraine, dozens were killed in a rocket strike on a train station that was being used for civilian evacuations.

Amnesty International said it has also documented evidence that Russian forcesexecuted civiliansin Ukraine in apparent war crimes, which Russia has denied.

Attacks on health care and schools

According to the World Health Organization, there have been445 attacks related to health carein Ukraine reported between Feb. 24 and Aug. 11 -- including against health facilities, as well as personnel and patients.

Such attacks violate international humanitarian law, which has a higher level of protection for medical establishments, Bogner said. They may have helped contribute to the high number of civilian deaths reported in March, she said, if injured civilians were unable to seek care.

The attacks also prevent people from accessing regular health care, including for chronic conditions, and child vaccinations, Marysia Zapasnik, Ukraine country director for the humanitarian aid organization International Rescue Committee, told ABC News.

"That will have a lasting impact," Zapasnik said. "Their health care system is really overstretched at the moment."

Schools have also been impacted during the war. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has said more than 2,000 educational institutions in Ukraine, including kindergartens, schools and universities, have been destroyed in Russian air strikes.

September means the beginning of the new school year, though many schools are not in a position to open because they do not have a bomb shelter or they've been damaged, Bogner said.

"One reason why see so many schools attacked is that we have documented armed forces from both sides using schools as bases," Bogner said. "That then means it becomes a legitimate object for the other side to attack. So this is certainly something that we discourage."

Continued stress and anxiety

For Ukrainians, the past six months have been filled with stress and anxiety. "A lot of families' coping mechanisms are being stretched now to breaking points," Zapasnik said.

"There are air raid sirens here on a regular basis," said Zapasnik, who is based in Odesa. "The level of psychosocial stress is quite high across the country, but specifically in the east and south."

Women and children, who are often the most vulnerable in conflict situations, may be in particular need of support, she said.

"Dealing with things such as family separation, death of a loved one, going through a lot of stress, fear, a sense of helplessness," she said.

Families may also be stressed financially, especially if they've lost their livelihood during the war, she said.

Millions of civilians are also without sufficient access to necessities, such as food, water and power sources. As of Aug. 3, UNICEFestimatesthat nearly 16 million people need humanitarian assistance due to the crisis.

"This continued war in Ukraine is causing extreme civilian harm," Zapasnik said. "Apart from the civilian deaths and injuries ... the war is also leaving millions without sufficient access to food, water, power sources, health care and other essential items."

The International Rescue Committee expects the number of those in need of humanitarian assistance to "increase dramatically" in the winter months, as civilians continue to be displaced and there is no electricity when temperatures plunge, Zapasnik said.

Humanitarian aid organizations are starting to plan for winter now due to challenging supply chain logistics, Zapasnik said, so that they're not caught flatfooted in their response.

"Currently what I'm most concerned about is the winter," Zapasnik said.