2019年世界自杀预防日:关于如何支持有自杀倾向的人的引言和建议

       今天，9月10日，是世界预防自杀日，这一天致力于提高人们对自杀风险的认识以及在试图预防自杀死亡时所面临的挑战。

       根据国际自杀预防协会（IASP）的数据，每年自杀都是全球20大死亡原因之一。它导致80多万人死亡，相当于每40秒就有一次自杀。根据美国自杀预防基金会（AFSP）的数据，在美国，它是导致死亡的第十大主要原因，2017年有超过47,000人死于自杀。

       IASP估计，对于每个因自杀而死亡的人，135人遭受“强烈的悲痛或受到其他影响”。这相当于每年1.08亿人。此外，该组织表示，对于每一起自杀，25人自杀未遂，还有更多人有严重的自杀念头。

关于预防自杀的行情

       “当人们发现有人自杀时，他们总是显得如此震惊和恐惧。他们总是问'怎么样？'

       我想要的不是'如何？'

       但'为什么？'

       也许那时，我们可以阻止它。“ - 未知

       “每个人都经历过困难时期，但正是那些经历过那些最终将在生活中取得成功的困难时期的人们。不要放弃，因为这也将过去。” - 珍妮特科隆

       “不自杀的真正原因是因为你总是知道在地狱结束后生活会如何膨胀。” - 海明威

       “希望是正常生活的必需品，是抵御自杀冲动的主要武器。” - 卡尔门宁格

       “幸福是通过我们甚至不记得开门的门进入我们生活的东西。” - 玫瑰巷

       “看看树木，看看鸟儿，看看云彩，看看星星......如果你有眼睛，你就能看到整个存在都是快乐的。一切都很快乐。树木很高兴没有理由;他们不会成为总理或总统，他们不会变得富有，他们永远不会有任何银行余额。看看鲜花 - 无缘无故。鲜花是多么令人难以置信。“ - 奥修

       “自杀并没有结束生命变得更糟的可能性，它消除了它变得更好的可能性。” - 未知

如何支持有自杀倾向的人

       根据AFSP，没有单一的自杀原因，尽管抑郁被认为是与其相关的最常见病症。协会建议注意的警告标志包括：

• 谈话：如果有人谈论自杀死亡，感到绝望，没有理由生活或成为他人的负担，这些可能是他们有自杀念头的迹象。
• 行为：增加酒精或药物的使用，退出活动，与人隔离，睡得太多或太少或赠送珍贵的财产都是人们在感到有自杀倾向时可能会表现出来的行为的一些例子。
• 情绪：正在考虑自杀的人经常表现出情绪，如抑郁，焦虑，羞耻，愤怒，激动甚至缓解。

       全国预防自杀行动联盟（NAASP）运动BeThe1To鼓励人们接触那些可能患有自杀念头的人。他们建议人们：

• 问：根据其网站，问“你在考虑自杀吗？” 让这个人知道你愿意以非评判和支持的方式谈论自杀。它可以为想到自杀的人打开一扇门，让他们谈论他们的感受或他们正在经历的事情。其他问题可能包括“你怎么受伤？” 和“我该怎么帮忙？” NAASP建议，当被问到时，朋友和家人不应该保证将这个人的自杀念头保密。
• 保证他们的安全： NAASP说重要的是要找出有关人员是否已经做过任何事情，以便在被接触之前试图自杀死亡。根据他们是否制定了计划，或者他们是否可以获得枪支或其他潜在武器，寻求提供支持的人可能需要将他们带到急诊室或拨打紧急服务人员。
• 在那里：这可能是为某人实际存在或通过电话与他们交谈，但重要的是要贯彻执行。据NAASP称，这可以挽救生命。
• 帮助他们建立联系：这可能包括制定安全计划或危机计划，将此人与健康专业人员联系起来或致电支线如生命线，800-273-8255。
• 跟进： NAASP建议这可以留下一条消息，看看这个人在做什么，发送短信或给他们打电话。这种接触可以增加联系感。

       如果您有自杀想法，可以在国家预防自杀生命线免费获得保密帮助。请致电1-800-273-8255。该系列每天24小时开放。

       Today, September 10, is World Suicide Prevention Day—a day dedicated to raising awareness of the risks of suicide and the challenges faced when trying to prevent death by suicide.

       According to the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP), every year suicide is among the top 20 leading causes of death globally. It is responsible for over 800,000 deaths, which equates to one suicide every 40 seconds. In America, it was the 10th leading cause of death, with over 47,000 people dying by suicide in 2017, according to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP).

       IASP estimates that for every person that dies by suicide, 135 people suffer "intense grief or are otherwise affected." This amounts to 108 million people per year. Further, the organization says that for every suicide, 25 people make a suicide attempt and many more have serious thoughts of suicide.

Quotes about suicide prevention

       "People always seem so shocked and horrified when they find out someone committed suicide. They then always ask the 'How?'

       What I want is not the 'How?'

       But the 'Why?'

       And maybe then, we can prevent it." ― Unknown

       "Everybody goes through difficult times, but it is those who push through those difficult times who will eventually become successful in life. Don't give up, because this too shall pass." ― Jeanette Coron

       "The real reason for not committing suicide is because you always know how swell life gets again after the hell is over." — Ernest Hemingway

       "Hope is a necessity for normal life and the major weapon against the suicide impulse." — Karl Menninger

       "Happiness is something that comes into our lives through doors we don't even remember leaving open." — Rose Lane

       "Look at the trees, look at the birds, look at the clouds, look at the stars... and if you have eyes you will be able to see that the whole existence is joyful. Everything is simply happy. Trees are happy for no reason; they are not going to become prime ministers or presidents and they are not going to become rich and they will never have any bank balance. Look at the flowers – for no reason. It is simply unbelievable how happy flowers are." — Osho

Stock image: A male looking out to sea.

       "Suicide doesn't end the chances of life getting worse, it eliminates the possibility of it ever getting any better." – Unknown

How to support someone who feels suicidal

       According to AFSP, there is no single cause for suicide, although depression is cited as the most common condition associated with it. Warning signs the association advises to look out for include:

• Talking: If someone talks about dying by suicide, feeling hopeless, having no reason to live or being a burden to others, these could be signs that they are having suicidal thoughts.
• Behaviors: Increased use of alcohol or drugs, withdrawing from activities, isolating from people, sleeping too much or too little or giving away prized possessions are some examples of behaviors people might display if they're feeling suicidal.
• Mood: People who are considering suicide often display moods such as depression, anxiety, shame, anger, agitation, or even relief.

       The National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention's (NAASP) campaign BeThe1To is encouraging people to reach out to those who may be suffering from suicidal thoughts. They advise people to:

• Ask: According to its website, asking the question "Are you thinking about suicide?" lets the person know that you're open to speaking about suicide in a non-judgmental and supportive way. It can open the door for someone thinking about suicide to talk about how they feel or what they're going through. Other questions could include, "How do you hurt?" and "How can I help?" NAASP advises that when asked, friends and family should not promise to keep the person's thoughts of suicide a secret.
• Keep them safe: NAASP says that it's important to find out whether the person in question has already done anything to try to die by suicide before being approached. Depending on whether they have a plan in place or if they have access to firearms or other potential weapons, people looking to provide support may need to take them to the emergency department or call the emergency services.
• Be there: This could be being physically present for someone or speaking with them on the phone, though it's important to follow through. This can be life-saving, according to NAASP.
• Help them connect: This could include developing a safety plan or a crisis plan, connecting the person with a health professional or calling a support line such as Lifeline, 800-273-8255.
• Follow up: NAASP advises that this could be leaving a message to see how the person is doing, sending a text or giving them a call. This type of contact can increase feelings of connectedness.

       If you have thoughts of suicide, confidential help is available for free at the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. Call 1-800-273-8255. The line is available 24 hours every day.