美国总统乔·拜登与司法部于周一宣布了一项新措施，以打击执法部门所说的日益严重的问题幽灵枪并呼吁国会通过普遍背景调查。

“他们称我即将宣布的这条规则为极端。拜登在白宫玫瑰园活动上说。“但让我问你——保护警察是极端的，保护我们的孩子是极端的，让枪支远离那些连背景调查都通不过的人是极端的吗?”

“幽灵枪”是一种包装成零件的枪支，可以在网上购买并不留痕迹地组装起来——拜登用道具证明了这一点。

Mandel Ngan/法新社

乔·拜登总统在t的玫瑰园就打击枪支犯罪的措施发表讲话...

“组装起来并不难，”拜登说，展示了它的各个部分。“任何人都可以通过邮件订购，任何人...恐怖分子和家庭暴力者可以在短短30分钟内从一个枪支工具箱变成一把枪。买家不需要通过背景调查，因为枪支没有序列号。

新规则从本质上扩大了《枪支管制法》所确立的“枪支”的定义，涵盖了人们可以在网上或从枪支经销商那里购买并自行组装的“购买制造射击”套件。它将使这些套件受到目前适用于其他枪支的同样的联邦法律的管辖。

官员们说，这样做的目的是让无法追踪的枪支远离街道，远离那些被法律禁止拥有枪支的人。

“我们称它们为幽灵枪，因为它们无法被追踪，但毫无疑问。他们是真实的。他们可以开枪杀人，他们确实做到了，”副总检察长丽莎·莫纳科说。“多年来，犯罪分子一直在寻找这些无标记的枪支进行谋杀和残害。这就是为什么司法部长签署了一项规则，更新我们的法规，以跟上技术的变化。”

周一，受枪支暴力影响的家庭被邀请到白宫，2019年加州圣克拉丽塔高中枪击案的幸存者Mia Tretta纪念了两名被幽灵枪杀害的同学Dominic Blackwell和Gracie Ann Muelburger，并介绍了拜登，她称拜登为“有史以来最强的枪支感总司令”，以发表他的重大声明。

拜登说:“从今天开始，像在索格斯高中使用的以及今天在这里伏击与我们在一起的代表的武器将被视为致命武器。”"如果你用幽灵枪犯罪，就等着联邦起诉吧."

拜登补充说:“这项规定是重要的一步，我向你保证，它将产生影响。”。

美国广播公司新闻首席白宫记者塞西莉亚·维加在白宫每日简报会上就这一承诺向白宫施压。

“你能说，由于总统今天所做的事情，本届政府会说枪击事件会减少吗?”维加问新闻秘书珍·普萨基。

“这一直是我们的希望，我们的目标，对，就是减少枪支暴力的影响，因为我们已经看到，暴力在上升。我们已经看到，近四分之三的枪支和幽灵枪中的绝大部分，正如你所说，塞西莉亚，都是通过简单地点击和在线订购，订购人们可以在家里制作的套件来使用的，”她说。

这些试剂盒的商业制造商现在必须获得许可，并在试剂盒的框架或接收器上包括序列号。此外，商业卖家必须获得联邦政府许可，并在出售试剂盒前进行背景调查。

一名高级政府官员告诉美国广播公司新闻，“这项规定的核心是澄清，任何人如果想购买可以随时转换为完全组装枪支的武器部件套件，必须经过与购买商业制造的短武器部件套件枪支相同的流程，这些短武器部件套件可以随时转换为完全组装的枪支，必须根据联邦法律进行处理。”

该规则还处理已经制造和流通的幽灵枪。DOJ将要求获得联邦许可的经销商在出售武器之前，接受任何未序列化的武器，并对其进行序列化。如果一个有执照的经销商获得了一把幽灵枪，该规则将要求他们在转售之前对其进行序列化。

“无论枪支是如何制造的，这一要求都将适用，这意味着它包括由单个零件、套件或3D打印机制造的幽灵枪，”ABC新闻分享了新规则的一份情况介绍。

“如果你能组装一个宜家梳妆台，你就能制造一把幽灵枪，”Tretta，也是学生要求行动的志愿者领导者，在周一的活动之前告诉ABC新闻。“不幸的是，获得一件不仅改变了我的生活，还对成千上万的其他人做了同样的事情的武器是如此容易。最终确定这一规则是关键的一步，以确保其他人不会经历我的家人所经历的事情。”

该规则还更新了“框架”和“接收器”的定义，以便所有使用分离或多部分接收器的人都包括在现有的枪支法律中，并将接受序列号和背景检查。它还延长了所有联邦枪支许可证持有人必须遵守的20年记录保留要求。根据规定，只要经销商获得许可，FFLs就必须保留记录。

虽然一些枪支倡导团体威胁要就该规定提起诉讼，但普萨基周一表示，政府有信心能够继续实施该规定。

美国枪支拥有者协会发誓为了对抗它所谓的“纯枪支控制”规则，声称它“将远远超过白宫假装的”

全国步枪协会在推特上写道，“拜登的控枪行动将鼓舞他富有的控枪支持者。但是，这一行动向暴力犯罪分子发出了错误的信息，因为这一“禁令”不会影响他们。这些疯狂的暴力犯罪将会持续下去，直到他们被逮捕/起诉/惩罚。”

根据DOJ的数据，从2016年1月到2021年12月，ATF表示，它收到了“大约45，000份由执法部门在刑事调查中收回的涉嫌自制枪支的报告，其中包括692起杀人案或杀人未遂案”。

新任ATF主管

拜登还宣布提名史蒂夫·德特巴赫(Steve Dettelbach)为酒、烟、火器和爆炸物管理局新局长。

“史蒂夫的记录使他在第一天就准备好领导这个机构，”拜登说。“顺便说一句，2009年，美国参议院一致批准他担任联邦检察官。”

拜登说，Dettelbach为司法部服务了20年，列举了他的成就。一名高级政府官员在谈到拜登的提名时说，“他有着与联邦、州和地方执法部门合作打击暴力犯罪和打击家庭暴力极端主义和宗教暴力的良好记录，包括通过与ATF合作起诉复杂案件和打击暴力犯罪团伙。”

这位官员没有具体说明ATF临时主管马文·理查森在确认过程中是否会留任。

普萨基周一无法说明自2015年以来没有一位经确认的该局领导人对犯罪产生了什么影响-但鉴于对犯罪率的担忧，共和党人有责任帮助确认Dettelbach。

“他得到了执法部门领导人的两党支持。当他被提名为联邦检察官时，他得到了一致认可。我们的观点是，如果共和党人像我们一样严厉打击犯罪，保护我们的社区安全，他们应该支持像史蒂夫·德特巴赫这样的职业检察官，他可以让ATF更有效地让枪支远离我们的街道，阻止罪犯，”她说。

一些枪支安全倡导组织对这一选择表示欢迎。

“我们赞扬拜登-哈里斯政府加倍致力于枪支安全，采取行动控制幽灵枪支，并提名一名ATF主任，他将结束与枪支行业的共谋文化，”Everytown for Gun Safety总裁约翰·范布拉特(John Feinblatt)告诉美国广播公司新闻。“史蒂夫·德特巴赫(Steve Dettelbach)将是烟酒枪支管理局需要的强有力的领导人，来领导该机构从上到下的改革，我们敦促参议院迅速批准他。”

Biden announces rule on 'ghost guns, new ATF nominee

President Joe Biden, in conjunction with the Department of Justice, announced a new measure Monday to crack down on what law enforcement says is the growing problem "ghost guns" and called on Congress to pass universal background checks.

"They call this rule I'm about to announce extreme. 'Extreme,'" Biden said at the White House Rose Garden event. "But let me ask you -- is it extreme to protect police officers, extreme to protect our children, extreme to keep guns out of the hands of people who couldn't even pass a background check?"

A "ghost gun" is a firearm that comes packaged in parts, can be bought online and assembled without much of a trace -- a point Biden demonstrated with props.

"It's not hard to put together," Biden said, showcasing its pieces. "Anyone could order it in the mail, anyone ... Terrorists and domestic abusers can go from a gun kit to a gun in as little as 30 minutes. Buyers aren't required to pass background checks because guns have no serial numbers."

The new rule essentially expands the definition of a "firearm," as established by the Gun Control Act, to cover "buy build shoot" kits that people can buy online or from a firearm dealer and assemble themselves. It will make these kits subject to the same federal laws that currently apply to other firearms.

The goal, officials said, is to keep untraceable guns off of the streets and out of the hands of those who are prohibited by law from possessing a firearm.

"We call them ghost guns because they can't be traced, but make no mistake. They are real. They can shoot to kill, and they do," said Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco. "For years criminals have sought out these unmarked guns to murder and to maim. That's why the attorney general has signed a rule that updates our regulations to keep up with changes in technology."

With families affected by gun violence invited to the White House Monday, Mia Tretta, a survivor of a 2019 high school shooting in Santa Clarita, California, memorialized two classmates, Dominic Blackwell and Gracie Ann Muelburger, who were killed with a ghost gun, and introduced Biden, whom she called "the strongest gun-sense commander in chief ever to hold office" to make his big announcement.

"Starting today, weapons like the one used in Saugus High School and to ambush deputies that are here with us today are being treated like the deadly firearms they are," Biden said. "If you commit a crime with a ghost gun, expect federal prosecution."

"This rule is an important step, it's going to make a difference, I promise you," Biden added.

ABC News Chief White House Correspondent Cecilia Vega pressed the White House on this promise at the daily White House briefing.

"Can you say, this administration say there will be fewer shootings, as a result of what the president is doing today?" Vega asked press secretary Jen Psaki.

"That's always our hope and our objective, right, is to reduce the impact of gun violence as we've seen, violence go up. We have seen a huge vast majority of that nearly three quarters as a result of guns and ghost guns, as you said, Cecilia, are used by simply clicking and ordering online, ordering a kit that people can make in their homes," she said.

Commercial manufacturers of those kits will now have to be licensed and include serial numbers on the kits' frame or receivers. In addition, commercial sellers will have to be federally licensed and run background checks before selling a kit.

A senior administration official told ABC News, "At its core, this rule clarifies that anyone who wants to purchase a weapon parts kit that can be readily be converted to a fully assembled firearm must go through the same process they would have to go through to purchase a commercially made firearm in short weapon parts kits that may be readily convertible into working fully assembled firearms must be treated under federal law."

The rule also tackles ghost guns already made and in circulation. The DOJ will require federally licensed dealers that take in any un-serialized firearms to serialize them before selling the weapon. If a licensed dealer acquires a ghost gun, the rule will require them to serialize it before re-selling it.

"This requirement will apply regardless of how the firearm was made, meaning it includes ghost guns made from individual parts, kits, or by 3D-printers," a fact sheet of the new rule shared with ABC News.

"If you can put together an IKEA dresser, you can build a ghost gun," Tretta, also a volunteer leader with Students Demand Action, told ABC News ahead of Monday's event. "Unfortunately, it is that easy to get a weapon that has not only changed my life but has done the same thing to thousands of others. Finalizing this rule is a critical step to making sure no one else has to go through what my family has had to go through."

The rule also updates the definition of a "frame" and "receiver" so that all using split or multi-part receivers are covered under existing gun laws and will be subject to serial numbers and background checks. It also extends the 20-year record retention requirement that all Federal Firearm Licensees must adhere to. Under the rule, FFLs must retain records for as long as the dealer is licensed.

While some gun advocacy groups are threatening to sue over the rule, Psaki said Monday the administration felt confident it would be able to continue to implement it.

Gun Owners of America hasvowedto fight the rule it calls "pure gun control," claiming it "will do far more than the White House is pretending."

The National Rifle Association tweeted, "Biden’s gun control actions will hearten his wealthy gun control supporters. But, this action sends the wrong message to violent criminals, because this “ban” will not affect them. These violent crime sprees will continue unabated until they are arrested/prosecuted/punished."

From January 2016 to December 2021, the ATF said it received "approximately 45,000 reports of suspected privately made firearms recovered by law enforcement in criminal investigations -- including 692 homicides or attempted homicides," according to the DOJ.

New ATF director

Biden also announced the nomination of Steve Dettelbach as the new director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.

"Steve's record makes him ready on day one to lead this agency," Biden said. "And by the way, in 2009, the U.S. Senate unanimously confirmed him to serve as U.S. Attorney."

Dettelbach served the Justice Department for two decades, Biden said, ticking through his accomplishments. A senior administration official said of Biden's nominee, "He has a proven track record of working with federal, state, and local law enforcement to fight violent crime and combat domestic violent extremism and religious violence -- including through partnerships with the ATF to prosecute complex cases and take down violent criminal gangs."

The official did not specify whether the interim ATF director, Marvin Richardson, will remain in place during the confirmation process.

Psaki couldn't say on Monday what impact not having a confirmed leader of the bureau since 2015 was having on crime -- but put the onus on Republicans to help confirm Dettelbach given concerns over the crime rate.

"He's received bipartisan support from law enforcement leaders. He was confirmed unanimously when he was nominated to serve as a federal prosecutor. And our view is that if Republicans are about getting tough on crime as we are and keeping our communities safe, they should support a career prosecutor like Steve Dettelbach who can make the ATF more effective in getting guns off our streets and stopping criminals," she said.

Some gun safety advocacy organizations applauded the pick.

"We applaud the Biden-Harris Administration for doubling down on its commitment to gun safety by taking action to rein in ghost guns and nominating an ATF Director who will end its culture of complicity with the gun industry," John Feinblatt, president of Everytown for Gun Safety, told ABC News. "Steve Dettelbach will be the strong leader the ATF needs to lead a top-to-bottom overhaul of the agency, and we urge the Senate to swiftly confirm him."